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Otanmaki

Past Producer in Finland with commodities Iron, Sulfur, Titanium, Vanadium
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Sections on this page
  1. Identification information
  2. Geographic coordinates
  3. Site location context
  4. Geographic areas
  5. Commodities
  6. Materials information
  7. Nearby scientific data
  8. Ore body information
  9. Economic information about the deposit and operations
  10. Mining district
  11. Ownership information
  12. Production statistics
  13. Reserves and resources
  14. Workings at the site
  15. Links to other databases
  16. Bibliographic references
  17. General comments
  18. Reporter information

Geologic information

Identification information

Deposit ID 10158158
MAS/MILS ID 4050450007
Record type Site
Current site name Otanmaki

Geographic coordinates

Point of reference Ore Body
Geographic coordinates: 27.103, 64.11518 (WGS84)
Elevation 170
Location accuracy 10000(meters)

Site location context

Political divisions (FIPS codes)

Finland(country)

Europe(continent)

Land(continent)

Geographic areas

Country
Finland

Commodities

Commodity Importance
Iron Secondary
Sulfur Secondary
Titanium Critical Primary
Vanadium Critical Primary

Materials information

Materials Type of material
Ilmenite Unknown
Magnetite Unknown
Pyrite Unknown
Vanadinite Unknown

Nearby scientific data

Ore Body (1) 27.103, 64.11518
ListMap

Economic information

Ore body information

  • Strike N90E
    Dip 90N
    Thickness 16M
    Length 125M
    Width 17M
    Depth to top 350M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 1
    MAS Column # 1
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 LENTICULAR
    Primary mode of Origin CONT METASOMATIC
    Secondary mode of Origin MAGMATIC DIFFER
    Primary Ore Control CONTACT ZONE
    Degree of Wallrock Alter. UNKNOWN
    Strike And Dip N90E:90N
    Minimum Depth to Top 0
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 0
    Date of Last Modification 840729
  • Area 100HA
    Field Value
    Total Surface Area (HA) 100
    Date of Last Modification 910418

Comments on the geologic information

  • IN THE HIGH GRADE ORE, THE GRAIN SIZE OF ILMENITE EQUALS THAT OF THE MAGNETITE BUT, IN THE LOW-GRADE ORE, DISSEMINATIONS OF ILMENITE LESS THAN 0.15 MM IN DIAMETER ABOUND.
  • THE BEDROCK IN THE OTANMAKI REGION IS POORLY OUTCROPPED, OWING TO THE EXTENSIVE COVER OF SWAMPS AND LOW TILL OR SANDY HILLOCKS. THE MAGNETITE-ILMENITE DEPOSIT AT OTANMAKI IS BY FAR THE LARGEST OF THE DEPOSITS KNOWN IN THE REGION. IT LIES ON THE NORTHERN FLANK OF A LARGE HORNBLENDE GABRO INTRUSION IN A HETEROGENOUS ZONE OF METAGABBROS, GABBROS, AND ANORTHOSITES. THIS ORE-BEARING ZONE IS ABOUT 3 KM WIDE AND FORMS A SEMICIRCLE AT THE EASTERN END. THE MAGNETITE-ILMENITE ORE OCCURS AS IRREGULAR, PARTLY ELONGATED LENSES OF VARIOUS SIZE IN A HETEROGENOUS, LOCALLY SCHISTOSE, GABBRO-ANORTHOSITE ZONE. THE ORE LENSES VARY FROM 20 TO 200 METERS IN LENGTH, AND FROM 5 TO 30 METERS IN WIDTH. MOST OF THE LENSES ARE E-W ORIENTED, DIP STEEPLY TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH, AND PLUNGE 40-60 DEGREES TO THE WEST. ALTHOUGH SCHISTOSITY VARIES AT RANDOM IN THE ORE ZONE, IT IS BARELY VISIBLE WITHIN THE ORE. THE INDIVIDUAL LENSES VARY IN DIP FROM 40-60 DEG. WEST. HOWEVER, THE ORE ZONE, AS A WHOLE, HAS A SOMEWHAT SHALLOWER PLUNGE OF @40 DEG. TO THE WEST. SEVERAL HUNDRED KNOWN ORE LENSES ARE SPREAD OVER A FAIRLY LARGE ZONE. OTHER IS REFERENCED ON COMMENT LINES 20-22 (G-SET).

Economic information about the deposit and operations

Operation type Underground
Development status Past Producer
Commodity type Both
Significant Yes
Discovery year 1938
Mining method Open Stope - Sublevel
Year of first production 1953
Milling method Flotation

Mining district

District name Oulu Province

Ownership information

  • Type Owner-Operator
    Owner Rautaruukki Oy
    Interest 100
    Home office Finland
    Year 1982

Comments on the ownership information

  • OTANMAKI OY, A STATE-OWNED COMPANY, WAS FOUNDED TO EXPLOIT THE OTANMAKI OREBODY. HOWEVER, IN 1969, OTANMAKI OY WAS AMALGAMATED WITH RAUTARUUKI OY, THE PRESENT OWNER- OPERATOR. CONSEQUENTLY, IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT RAUTARUUKI OY HAS 98.9% OF ITS STOCK HELD BY THE FINNISH STATE.

Production statistics

  • Year 1953
    Description Feed Grade Tio2 - 23.5% 132269 Mt Ore Mined
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major Ore Titanium Titanium 132269mt 24wt-pct
  • Year 1956
    Description 101 Tmt Ilm. Con./259 Mt Van. Con. 742399 Mt Ore Mined
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major Conc. Titanium Titanium 742399mt
  • Year 1967
    Description 127 Tmt Ilm.Con/245 Tmt Hem.Pel/2093 Van 373889 Mt Of Concentrate
  • Year 1967
    Description F.G.'S Tio2-23.5%/Fe-34.2%/V2o5-0.31% 1039299 Mt Ore Mined
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major Ore Titanium Titanium 1039299mt 24wt-pct
    Major V2O5 Ore Vanadium Vanadium 0wt-pct
    Trace Ore Iron Iron 34wt-pct
  • Year 1977
    Description 125 Tmt Ilm.Con/254 Tmt Hem.Pel/2204 Van 381000 Mt Of Concentrate
  • Year 1977
    Description F.G.'S Tio2-52.0%/Fe-34.2%/V2o5-0.31% 1144000 Mt Ore Mined
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major TiO2 Ore Titanium Titanium 1144000mt 52wt-pct
    Major Ore Vanadium Vanadium 0wt-pct
    Trace Ore Iron Iron 34wt-pct
  • Year 1984
    Description Ilmenite Conc. 167000 Mt Of Concentrate
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major Titanium Titanium 167000mt
  • Year 1985
    Description Ilmenite Conc. 136000 Mt Of Concentrate
    Importance Item Commodity Group Amount recovered Grade Recovery percentage
    Major Titanium Titanium 136000mt

Comments on the production information

  • IN 1956, RECOVERY PROCESSES FOR VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (V2O5) WERE INITIATED, WITH ONE FURNACE. THE V2O5 CONCENTRATE IS THE MOST VALUABLE PRODUCT FROM THE MINE. IN 1972, A DEPOSIT AT VUOROKAS, 3 KM EAST OF THE OTANMAKI MAIN SHAFT, WAS DEVELOPED AND THIS DEVELOPMENT, INVOLVING A SHAFT AND DRIFT, CONTINUED UNTIL 1977. ORE WAS AND IS TRUCKED TO THE OTANMAKI MILL, SO ALL RESERVE DATA AND PRODUCTION DATA INCLUDES BOTH OTANMAKI AND VUOROKAS. ABOUT 45000-50000 M OF INVESTIGATION DRILLING IS REQUIRED ANUALLY. (PERCUSSION 30000-35000 M/DIAMOND 12000-15000 M.) FLOAT BOULDERS OF ORE-GRADE TITANIFEROUS IRON WERE FOUND 40 KM SE OF OTANMAKI, AND WHEN SEARCHING FOR THEIR ORIGIN, MAGNETIC SURVEYS REVEALED THE OTANMAKI OREBODY.
  • PRODUCTION OF ILMENITE CONC. DECLINED TO 298 TON/DAY BY 1985

Reserves and resources

  • Type In-situ
    Estimate year 1957
    Indicated 50000000mt ore
    Demonstrated 50000000mt ore
    Total resources 50000000mt ore
    Commodity Subtype Grade units Group Importance Year
    Iron FeO 35 wt-pct Iron Minor 1957
    Titanium TiO2 13.5 wt-pct Titanium Major 1957
    Sulfur S 47 wt-pct Sulfur Minor 1957
    Vanadium V2O5 0.6 wt-pct Vanadium Major 1957

Comments on the reserve resource information

  • THE OTANMAKI MINE ALSO INCLUDES A SECOND SHAFT, THREE KILOMETERS EAST, CALLED VUOROKAS, WHICH IS CONSIDERED AN INTEGRAL PART OF OTANMAKI. THIS IS MAINLY BECAUSE ALL OF THE VUORAKAS ORE IS PROCESSED AT OTANMAKI.
  • ALTHOUGH A LARGE PRODUCER, RESERVES SOON TO DEPLETE (REPORTED TO BE SHUTING DOWN IN 1986). KAISER REPORT SHOWS MORE RESOURCES STILL REMAIN (ITS CLOSING DUE TO THE ECONOMICS OF THE OPERATION)

Workings at the site

  • Type of workings Underground
    Overall depth 600M
    Field Value
    MAS Development Schedule # 1
    Mining Record # 1
    Status of Mining Method ACTUAL
    Mining Method SUBLEVEL 10-43
    Percent Recovery 90
    Hardness of Rock HARDROCK WITH LITTLE WATER
    Rock Characteristics NO PLANES OF WEAKNESS
    Rock Support Chars. SUPPORTING
    Mine Support Chars. UNKNOWN
    Number of Shafts 1
    1st Condition of Workings OPEN
    Capacity 3428
    Capacity Units MT ORE/DAY
    Operating Days per Year 350
    Operating Shifts per Day 3
    Year of Information 1982

Comments on other economic factors

  • FUTURE MINING AT OTANMAKI IS FEASIBLE. HOWEVER, IT WAS STATED TO KAISERS ENGINEERS, DURING A VISIT TO THE MINE AND RAUTARUUKKI OY OFFICES, THAT PRODUCTION AT OTANMAKI WILL PROBABLY STOP IN 1985. THIS IS DUE TO RISING COSTS, AND THE DEEPENING OF OTANMAKI FROM 600 TO 800 M WOULD NOT BE ECONOMIC TO UNDERTAKE. MINING OPERATIONS AT OTANMAKI DID IN FACT CEASE IN APR. 1985 ALTHOUGH THE ORE IS NOT ESPECIALLY ABRASIVE, IT HAS A HIGH STRENGTH. THEREFORE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE, AND LEAVE HANGING, WALLS WITHOUT TIMBERING OR FILLING.
  • THE VUOROKAS SHAFT WILL TERMINATE OPERATIONS IN 1989. ALL PRODUCTION AT OTANMAKI CEASED IN LATE APRIL 1985- INFORMATION RECEIVED IN LETTER TO LYND LANGTRY, BUREAU TIO2 SPECIALIST FROM RISTO LAULAJAINEN, UNIV. OF GOTEBORG-MAY 86

Reference information

Bibliographic references

  • Deposit

    HARKI, ILMARI. DISCOVERY AND MINING METHODS AT FINLAND'S

  • Deposit

    LARGEST FE-TI-V MINE. MINING WORLD, AUGUST 1956, PP. 62-63.

  • Deposit

    VARIETY. DECEMBER 1974, PP. 36-37 AND 39.

  • Deposit

    WYLLIE, ROBERT J.M. FINLAND'S GEOLOGY AND MINES. WORLD

  • Deposit

    MINING, MARCH 1978, PP. 39-41.

  • Deposit

    ISOKANGAS, PAULI. FINLAND. MINERAL DEPOSITS OF EUROPE.

  • Deposit

    1978, PP. 80-82.

  • Deposit

    U.S. BUREAU OF MINES. THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF FINLAND.

  • Deposit

    MINERALS YEARBOOK 1978-79. PP. 330 AND 337.

  • Deposit

    INDUSTRIAL MINERALS. FINLAND'S IM'S IN 1979. SEPTEMBER

  • Deposit

    1980, PP. 12-13.

  • Deposit

    RUNOLINNA, URMAS. HOW OTANMAKI FLOATS ILMENITE FROM

  • Deposit

    FINLAND'S TITANIFERROUS-MAGNETITE. MINING WORLD, APRIL

  • Deposit

    1957, PP. 49-55 AND 96.

  • Deposit

    PAARMA, HEIKKI. MAGNETITE-ILMENITE LENSES OCCUR IN

  • Deposit

    ANORTHOSITE ALONG AMPHIBOLITE CONTACT. MINING WORLD,

  • Deposit

    AUGUST 1956, PP. 64-66.

  • Deposit

    SARKKA, PAKKA. MINING METHODS IN FINLAND. WORLD MINING,

  • Deposit

    MARCH 1978, PP. 00 .

  • Deposit

    SOININEN, JARMO. SHRINK STOPING WITH MACHINE LOADING

  • Deposit

    MAKES OUTPUT 146 TONS PER MAN SHIFT. MINING WORLD, AUGUST

  • Deposit

    1956, PP. 66-68.

  • Deposit

    JARVINEN, KANKO. THE TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT AND METHODS OF

  • Deposit

    THE OTANMAKI MINE. THE MINES AND QUARRIES OF FINLAND.

  • Deposit

    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND. GEOLOGINEN TUTKIMSLAITOS

  • Deposit

    GEOTEKNILLISIA JULKAISUJA NO. 55, ED. BY ERKKI, AUROLA,

  • Deposit

    MAY 1954, PP. 43-46.

  • Deposit

    VOKES, G.M. INTRODUCTION MINERAL DEPOSITS OF EUROPE

  • Deposit

    1978, PP. 20-21.

  • Deposit

    RAUTARUUKI OY. BROCHURE. MINES.

  • Deposit

    RAUTARUKKI OY. ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1980.

  • Deposit

    RAUTARUUKI OY. GENERAL BROCHURE.

  • Deposit

    LINDHOLM, OLE AND AUTTONEN, RISTO. GEOLOGY OF THE

  • Deposit

    OTANMAKI. IN PUBLICATION "PRECAMBRIAN ORES OF FINLAND",

  • Deposit

    26TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS, PARIS, 1980, GUIDE

  • Deposit

    TO EXCURSIONS.

  • Deposit

    MINING AND METALLURGICAL SOCIETY OF FINLAND 1980. SARJA

  • Deposit

    B, NO. 258 "WASTE ROCK DILUTION AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFI-

  • Deposit

    CANCE IN MINING". PAPERS:

  • Deposit

    (A) THE REASONS FOR LOWER THAN ESTIMATED GRADE OF

  • Deposit

    MOSITED ORE AT OTANMAKI MINE AND STEPS TAKEN TO

  • Deposit

    IMPROVE THE SITUATION, BY INTO HEIKKILA, PP. 18-20.

  • Deposit

    (B) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANNING AND SUPERVISION ON THE

  • Deposit

    SELECTIVITY OF MINING AT OTANMAKI, BY KARI KALLID,

  • Deposit

    PP. 33-38.

  • Deposit

    (C) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRADE PREDICTION AND

  • Deposit

    PRODUCTION OUTPUT, BY OLE LINDHOLM, PP. 53-55.

  • Deposit

    EXTRACTS FROM OTANMAKI ANNUAL REPORTS FOR YEARS 1966

  • Deposit

    THRUOGH 1981. TRANSLATED IN LONDON. PERSONALLY GIVEN TO

  • Deposit

    EVALUATOR DURING VISIT.

  • Deposit

    SALO, URPO J., FINLAND-METALLIC ORES, MINING ANNUAL

  • Deposit

    REVIEW, 1987, PP. 486

  • Deposit

    LAULAJAINEN, RISTO. PERSONAL LETTER TO LYND LANGTRY, BUR.

  • Deposit

    TIO2 SPECIALIST ANNOUNCING CLOSING OF OTANMAKI MINE IN 1985

General comments

Subject category Comment text
Deposit MILLER, JESSE A. FINLAND. TITANIUM - A MATERIALS SURVEY. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IC 7791, 1947, P. 49. WORLD MINING. RAUTARUKKI - A MAJOR FORCE IN WORLD VANADIUM SUPPLIES IS STILL EXPANDING. MARCH 1978, PP. 44-45. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS. FINLAND. EMPHASIS ON QUALITY AND

Reporter information

Type Date Name Affiliation Comment
Reporter 02-OCT-92 Fantel, Richard J. U.S. Bureau of Mines

Beyond USGS

Supplemental information added by qvyshift.com. Not part of the original USGS MRDS record.

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