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Salton Sea KGRA

Plant in Imperial county in California, United States with commodities Barium-Barite, Lithium, Iron, Manganese, Potassium, Salt, Strontium, Zinc
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Sections on this page
  1. Identification information
  2. Geographic coordinates
  3. Site location context
  4. Geographic areas
  5. Public Land Survey System information
  6. Commodities
  7. Nearby scientific data
  8. Ore body information
  9. Economic information about the deposit and operations
  10. Mining district
  11. Mineral rights holdings
  12. Land status
  13. Ownership information
  14. Reserves and resources
  15. Workings at the site
  16. Links to other databases
  17. Bibliographic references
  18. General comments
  19. Reporter information

Geologic information

Identification information

Deposit ID 10183871
MAS/MILS ID 0060250324
Record type Site
Current site name Salton Sea KGRA

Geographic coordinates

Point of reference Ore Body
Geographic coordinates: -115.60502, 33.14176 (WGS84)
Elevation 70
Location accuracy 10(meters)

Site location context

Political divisions (FIPS codes)

Imperial(county)

California(state)

United States(country)

North America(continent)

Land(continent)

USGS map quadrangles

Niland(quadrangle 1:24,000 scale)

Salton Sea(quadrangle 1:100,000 scale)

Salton Sea(quadrangle 1:250,000 scale)

Hydrologic units (watersheds)

Salton Sea(hydrologic accounting unit)

Southern Mojave-Salton Sea(hydrologic subregion)

California(hydrologic region)

Geographic areas

Country State County
United States California Imperial

Public Land Survey System information

Meridian Township Range Section Fraction State
San Bernardino 012 S 013 E 10 California

Commodities

Commodity Importance
Barium-Barite Critical Tertiary
Lithium Critical Tertiary
Iron Tertiary
Manganese Critical Tertiary
Potassium Primary
Salt Primary
Strontium Tertiary
Zinc Critical Tertiary

Nearby scientific data

Ore Body (1) -115.60502, 33.14176
ListMap

Economic information

Ore body information

  • Thickness 180M
    Length 26000M
    Width 16000M
    Depth to top 1500M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 1
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 TABULAR
    Primary mode of Origin EVAPORATION
    Primary Ore Control LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control IGNEOUS
    Minimum Depth to Top 1400
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 50
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 10
    Date of Last Modification 830316
  • Thickness 180M
    Length 26000M
    Width 22000M
    Depth to top 1500M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 2
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 TABULAR
    Primary mode of Origin EVAPORATION
    Primary Ore Control LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control IGNEOUS
    Minimum Depth to Top 1400
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 50
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 10
    Date of Last Modification 830316
  • Thickness 180M
    Length 26000M
    Width 22000M
    Depth to top 1500M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 9
    MAS Column # 1
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 TABULAR
    Primary mode of Origin EVAPORATION
    Primary Ore Control LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control IGNEOUS
    Minimum Depth to Top 1400
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 50
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 10
    Date of Last Modification 830316
  • Thickness 180M
    Length 26000M
    Width 22000M
    Depth to top 1500M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 9
    MAS Column # 4
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 TABULAR
    Primary mode of Origin EVAPORATION
    Primary Ore Control LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control IGNEOUS
    Minimum Depth to Top 1400
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 50
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 10
    Date of Last Modification 830316
  • Thickness 180M
    Length 26000M
    Width 22000M
    Depth to top 1500M
    Field Value
    MAS Matrix # 9
    MAS Column # 7
    Type of Orebody #1 OTHER
    Shape of Orebody #1 TABULAR
    Primary mode of Origin EVAPORATION
    Primary Ore Control LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control IGNEOUS
    Minimum Depth to Top 1400
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 50
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. 10
    Date of Last Modification 830316
  • Area 240HA
    Field Value
    Total Surface Area (HA) 240
    Date of Last Modification 910418

Comments on the geologic information

  • THE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE IS A FLAT LYING STRUCTURE ABOUT 180M THICK. ITS AREA IS DEFINED BY DRILLING AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA. SEE Q COMMENTS FOR KGRA AREAS AT DIFFERENT PROBABILITY LEVELS.
  • WELL LOGS SHOW THE FIRST 600-900M OF SECTION TO BE SILTSTONE, SHALE, CLAY, PROBABLY A FACIES OF THE BRAWLEY- BORREGO FORMATIONS. THE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR IS CONTAINED IN SANDSTONE LAYERS OF THE PALM SPRINGS FORMATION. BELOW THE RESERVOIR A HARD SILICIFIED METAMORPHOSED EQUIVALENT(LITHOLOGICALLY) OF THE UPPER SHALE(BORREGO- BRAWLEY FORM) HAS BEEN ENCOUNTERED. THIS METAMORPHISM IS CAUSED BY GEOTHERMAL ACTION. THE STRATA IN THE SALTON SEA DGRA IS COMPOSED OF DELTAIC SEDIMENTS OF THE COLORADO RIVER DELTA.

Economic information about the deposit and operations

Operation type Brine Operation
Development status Plant
Commodity type Both
Significant Yes
Discovery year 1927
Mining method Auger Mining - Solution Mining
Plant subcategory Crystallization
Milling method Crystallization

Mining district

District name Salton Sea

Mineral rights holdings

Type of mineral rights Private Lease
Type of mineral rights Patented

Land status

Ownership category Mixed

Ownership information

  • Type Owner
    Owner U.S. Government
    Interest 26
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner San Diego Gas And Electric Co.
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner Southern California Edison
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner Magma Power Co.
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner Republic Geothermal Co.
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner Phillips Petroleum Co.
    Year 1980
  • Type Unknown
    Owner Union Oil Co.
    Year 1980

Comments on the production information

  • 1450000 MT/YEAR OF SALT, 770000 MT OF THIS GOES TO MARKET, 680000 MT GOES TO CAUSTIC/CHLORINE PLANT WHERE IT IS TURNED INTO 480000 MT/YEAR NAOH(50%), 440000 MT CHLORINE AND 12100 MT HYDROGEN. CAUSTIC AND CHLORINE GO TO MARKET, HYDROGEN IS USED AT PLANT. 326000 MT YEAR OF KCL(206000 MT K2O) GOES TO MARKET.

Reserves and resources

  • Type In-situ
    Estimate year 1976
    Indicated 420000000mt ore
    Demonstrated 420000000mt ore
    Inferred 800000000mt ore
    Total resources 1220000000mt ore
    Commodity Subtype Grade units Group Importance Year
    Potassium K2o 1.61 wt-pct Potassium Major 1976
    Sodium NaCl 11.31 wt-pct Sodium 1976
    Lithium LiO2 0.17 wt-pct Lithium Trace 1976
    Strontium Sr 0.03 wt-pct Strontium Trace 1976
    Barium-Barite Ba 0.02 wt-pct Barium Trace 1976
    Iron Fe 0.18 wt-pct Iron Trace 1976
    Manganese Mn 0.11 wt-pct Manganese Trace 1976
    Zinc Zn 0.04 wt-pct Zinc Trace 1976
  • Type In-situ
    Estimate year 1979
    Measured 3600000000mt ore
    Indicated 6300000000mt ore
    Demonstrated 9900000000mt ore
    Inferred 1090000000mt ore
    Total resources 9900000000mt ore
    Commodity Subtype Grade units Group Importance Year
    Potassium K2o 1.61 wt-pct Potassium Major 1979
    Sodium NaCl 11.31 wt-pct Sodium 1979
    Lithium LiO2 0.17 wt-pct Lithium Trace 1979
    Strontium Sr 0.03 wt-pct Strontium Trace 1979
    Barium-Barite Ba 0.02 wt-pct Barium Trace 1979
    Iron Fe 0.18 wt-pct Iron Trace 1979
    Manganese Mn 0.11 wt-pct Manganese Trace 1979
    Zinc Zn 0.04 wt-pct Zinc Trace 1979

Comments on the reserve resource information

  • RESOURCE ESTIMATION IN A KGRA IS ESTIMATING THE BRINE RECOVERABLE IN THE PORE SPACE OF THE ROCK. TOWSE ESTIMATES THE RESERVOIR TO BE 180M THICK, SPECIFIC YIELD 16%. VOLUME OF BRINE PER SQUARE KM OF SURFACE AREA IS: 180 MX 10TO6MSQ X .16= 29X10TO6MCU MASS OF BRINE PER SQUARE KM= 2.9X10TO10 KG=2.9X10TO7 MT. MATRIX1 (TOWSE 1974 DATA) IS BASED ON 13 WELLS. P75 IS BASED ON 14.3 KM SQ P50 IS BASED ON 27.3 KM SQ P10 IS BASED ON 385 KM SQ. ASSAY DATA FROM DSS ENGINEERS MATRIX2 (CASSEL 1979 DATA) IS BASED ON MUCH MORE DATA THAN TOWSE 1974. P90 IS BASED ON 124 KM SQ. P75 IS BASED ON 217 KM SQ. P50 IS BASED ON 376 KM SQ. P25 IS BASED ON 568 KM SQ. ASSAY DATA FROM DSS ENGINEERS THE TONNAGE FIGURES IN THE MATRIXS ARE TONS OF BRINE IN THE GROUND. ONLY ABOUT 20% OF THIS BRINE IS RECOVERABLE (BROUGHT TO THE SURFACE) THE ASSAYS DATA IS FOR BRINE IN THE GROUND. WHEN THE BRINE IS BROUGHT TO THE SURFACE IT IS FLASHED (80% STAYS LIQUID, 20% GOES TO VAPOR). MINERALS ARE RECOVER ONLY FROM THE LIQUID PORTION. ASSAYS OF THIS LIQUID PORTION ARE: K20 2%, NACL 14.14%

Workings at the site

  • Type of workings Underground
    Field Value
    MAS Development Schedule # 1
    Mining Record # 1
    Status of Mining Method PROPOSED
    Mining Method SOLUTION MINING 10-89
    Percent Recovery 20
    Hardness of Rock HARDROCK FISSURED WITH EXCESSIVE WATER
    Rock Characteristics MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF WEAKNESS PLANES
    Rock Support Chars. UNKNOWN
    Mine Support Chars. CAN'T SUPPORT FILL OR CAVE
    Capacity 34515
    Capacity Units MT ORE/DAY
    Operating Days per Year 330
    Operating Shifts per Day 3
    Year of Information 1978

Comments on the workings information

  • IMPERIAL VALLEY IS INTENSLY FARMED, 190000 HA UNDER CULTIVATION. IN 1978 VALUE OF CROPS IN IMPERIAL COUNTY WAS $478.8 MILLION. THE MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPLEX IS SUBSIDENCE, BUT TOTAL FLUID REINJECTION SHOULD PREVENT SUBSIDENCE. SUBSIDENCE WOULD HARM THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF WATER CANELS AND DITCHES THAT FEED THE FARM LAND.

Comments on other economic factors

  • THE FEED SHOWN IN THIS RECORD IS FEED TO MINERAL RECOVERY COMPLEX. THIS IS FLASHED BRINE (LIQUID PORTION), 11390000 MT PER YEAR.

Reference information

Bibliographic references

  • Reserve-Resource

    TOWSE, DONALD, 1976, AN ESTIMATE OF THE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

  • Reserve-Resource

    RESOURCE IN THE SLATON THROUGH, CA, LAW. LIVE. LAB REPORT

  • Reserve-Resource

    UCRL-51851, BERKELEY, CA(FEB 1976)

  • Reserve-Resource

    CASSEL, THOMAS, 1979, GEOTHERMAL INVESTMENT AND POLICY

  • Reserve-Resource

    ANALYSIS WITH EVALUATION OF CALIFORNIA AND UTAH RESOURCE

  • Reserve-Resource

    AREAS. REPORT ON CONTRACT TO DOE, DOE/RA/4713-1,

  • Reserve-Resource

    DISTRIBUTION CATEGORY UC-66.

  • Deposit

    HAZEN RESEARCH, INC. THE RECOVERY OF MINERAL VALUES FROM

  • Deposit

    MAGMAMAX NO. 1, POST FLASH GEOTHERMAL BRINE, FOR BUREAU

  • Deposit

    OF MINES, UNDER HRI REPORT 40496, JAN 17, 1977.

  • Deposit

    KAMP VAN DE, P.C., HOLOCENE CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTATION IN THE

  • Deposit

    SALTON BASIN, CA: A RECON., GEOL. SOC. OF AMER. BULL. VOL.

  • Deposit

    84 NO. 3 P827-848M MARCH 1973

  • Deposit

    HOWARD, J.H., 1978, GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AND RESERVOIR

  • Deposit

    INVESTIGATIONS OF U.S. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION LEASEHOLDS

  • Deposit

    AT EAST MESA, IMPERIAL VALLEY, CALIF., REPORT DONE UNDER

  • Deposit

    CONTRACT FOR D.O.E. LAW. LIVE. LAB, LBL-7094 UC-66A.

  • Deposit

    DUTCHER, L.C., 1972, PRELIMINARY APPRAISAL OF GROUND WATER

  • Deposit

    IN STORAGE WITH REFERENCE TO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN THE

  • Deposit

    IMPERIAL VALLEY AREA, USGS CIR. 649

  • Deposit

    LAYTON, DAVID, 1980, AN ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT

  • Deposit

    IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY OF CA, VOLS. 1 AND 2. REPORT DONE

  • Deposit

    UNDER CONTRACT TO DOE, PREPARED BY LL NAT LAB. UNIV OF CA

  • Deposit

    DOE/EV-0092 UC-66E

  • Deposit

    FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

  • Deposit

    AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM, INTERAGENCY GEOTHERMAL

  • Deposit

    COORDINATING COUNCIL, DOE, DOE/RA-0050, UC-66, 1980

  • Deposit

    REEBER, ROBERT, 1980, COATINGS IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

  • Deposit

    PRODUCTION, THIN SOLID FILMS, 72(1980)33-47, ELSEVIER

  • Deposit

    SEQUOIA, S.A., LAUSANNE.

  • Deposit

    REEBER, ROBERT, 1980, D.O.E., WASH D.C., TELEPHONE CALL.

  • Deposit

    BAUER, DON, 1980, USBM, RENO, NEV. TELEPHONE CALL.

  • Deposit

    KIMMEL, RALPH, 1980, USGS MENLO PARK CA, TELEPHONE CALL.

  • Deposit

    SEARLS, J.P., 1980, USBM, WASH D.C., TELEPHONE CALL.

  • Deposit

    MARINER, R.H., 1978, SELECTED DATA FOR HYDROTHERMAL

  • Deposit

    CONVECTION SYSTEMS IN THE U.S. WITH ESTIMATED TEMPERATURES

  • Deposit

    GREATER THAN 90 DEG. C. USGS OPEN-FILE REPORT 78-858

  • Deposit

    BECHTEL CORP., SAN FRAN. CA, 1977, ADVANCED DESIGN AND

  • Deposit

    ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL GEOTHERMAL POWER

  • Deposit

    PLANTS AT HEBER AND NILAND CA, REPORT DONE UNDER CONTRACT

  • Deposit

    TO DOE(SAN 1124-2), NTIS PC AO9/MF AO1.

  • Deposit

    BERTHOLD, C.E., 1975, PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR RECOVERING

  • Deposit

    GEOTHERMAL BRINE MATERIALS(CONTRACT NO. 144104) USBM OPEN

  • Deposit

    FILE REPT 35-75, 255 PP.

  • Deposit

    CALIFORNIA GEOTHERMAL FIELDS TO BE DEVELOPED BY 3 COMPANIES,

  • Deposit

    ENG. MIN. JOURN., DEC., P. 34, 1972.

  • Deposit

    CARTER, J.P., 1979, CORROSION STUDIES IN BRINES OF THE

  • Deposit

    SALTON SEA GEOTHERMAL FIELD, USBM RI 8350.

  • Deposit

    ELLIOTT, D.G., 1975, COMPARISON OF BRINE PRODUCTION METHODS

  • Deposit

    AND CONVERSION PROCESSES FOR GEOTHERMAL ELECTRIC POWER

  • Deposit

    GENERATION. GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH STUDY IN THE SALTON SEA

  • Deposit

    REGION OF CA. REPORT DONE UNDER CONTRACT(AT(04-3) -1086)

  • Deposit

    TO D.O.E.

  • Deposit

    GEOLOGIC MAP OF CA., CA. DIV. OF MINES AND GEOLOGY, SALTON

  • Deposit

    SEA SHEET.

  • Deposit

    GRISCOM, ANDREW, 1971, AEROMAGNETIC MAP AND INTERPRETATION

  • Deposit

    OF THE SALTON SEA GEOTHERMAL AREA, CA. USGS MAP GP-754.

  • Deposit

    HELGESON, H.C., GEOLOGIC AND THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

  • Deposit

    OF THE SALTON SEA GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM, AMER. JOURN. OF SCI.,

  • Deposit

    VOL. 266, PP 127, 1968

  • Deposit

    HORNBURG, C.D.,(DSS ENGINEERS, INC.), 1977, POSSIBLITIES

  • Deposit

    FOR A GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN

  • Deposit

    THE SALTON SEA AREA, REPORT DONE UNDER CONTRACT TO D.O.E.,

  • Deposit

    CONF-771153- P2

  • Deposit

    URBANEK, M.W.,(DSS ENGINEERS, INC.), 1978, RESEARCH ON A

  • Deposit

    GEOTHERMAL MINERAL EXTRACTION COMPLEX:PHASE I, REPORT

  • Deposit

    DONE UNDER CONTRACT TO USBM, #J0275019.

  • Deposit

    WILSON, W. P., 'A TO Z IN POTASH PROCESSING', ENG. AND MIN.

  • Deposit

    JOUR., P. 86, AUGUST 1966.

  • Deposit

    KOENIG, J.B., 1967, THE SALTON-MEXICALI GEOTHERMAL PROVINCE,

  • Deposit

    MINERAL INFORMATION SERVICE, CALIF DIV MINES AND GEOL.,

  • Deposit

    JULY 1967.

  • Deposit

    KELLEY, U.C., 1936 ORIGIN OF THE SALTON VOLCANIC DOMES,

  • Deposit

    SALTON SEA, CALIF.: JOUR. GEOLOGY, V 44, P. 496-509.

  • Deposit

    KOVACH, R.L., 1962, GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE

  • Deposit

    COLORADO DELTA REGION: JOUR. GEOPHYS. RESEARCH, V. 67,

  • Deposit

    P. 2845-2871.

  • Deposit

    ENG. MIN. JOUR., VOL. 165, NO. 11 P. 116, 1964, SALTON SEA

  • Deposit

    GEOTHERMAL WELLS YIELD STEAM POWER AND MINERAL RICH BRINE.

  • Deposit

    MUFFLER,L.J.P., 1969 ACTIVE METAMORPHISM OF UPPER CENOZOIC

  • Deposit

    SEDIMENTS IN THE SALTON SEA GEOTHERMAL FIELD: GEOL. SOC.

  • Deposit

    AMERICA BULL., VOL. 80, NO. 2, P. 157-181.

  • Deposit

    MUFFLER, L.J.P., 1979, ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES

  • Deposit

    OF THE U.S., 1978, USGS CIR. 790.

  • Deposit

    WHITE, D.E., 1975, ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES OF THE

  • Deposit

    U.S.-1975, USGS CIR 726.

  • Deposit

    SINGLETON, RICHARD, 1978, POTASH, MINERAL COMMODITY PROFILES

  • Deposit

    MCP-11, USBM FEB 1978.

  • Deposit

    STAFF, USBM, 1970, THE US POSITION AND OUTLOOK IN POTASH,

  • Deposit

    USBM IC 8487.

  • Deposit

    LOELTZ, O.J., 1975 GEOHYDROLOGIC RECON. OF THE IMPERIAL

  • Deposit

    VALLEY, CA, USGS P.P. 486-K.

  • Deposit

    LITTLEFIELD, W.M., 1966, HYDROLOGY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE

  • Deposit

    SALTON SEA CA, USGS HA-222

  • Deposit

    J.M. ENERGY CONSULTANTS, INC., L.A., CA., 1978, GEOTHERMAL

  • Deposit

    DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE/ENERGY PLANNING BY THE STATE

  • Deposit

    OF CA AND ITS POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS. REPORT UNDER CONTRACT

  • Deposit

    TO DOE(SAN-2121-5)

  • Deposit

    PHELPS, P.L., 1977, IMPERIAL VALLEY ENVIR. PROJECT: PROGRESS

  • Deposit

    REPORT, DONE UNDER CONTRACT TO DOE(UCRL-50044-76-1)

  • Deposit

    PALMER, J.D., 1975, CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOTHERMAL WELLS

  • Deposit

    LOCATED IN THE SALTON SEA FIELD. REPORT DONE UNDER CONTRACT

  • Deposit

    TO DOE(UCRL-51976)

  • Deposit

    DEPT. OF ENERGY, LAW. BERKELEY LAB, UNIV. OF CA., NATIONAL

  • Deposit

    GEOTHERMAL INFORMATION RESOURCE INFORMATION AND DATA

  • Deposit

    ANALYSIS DEPT., 1980, GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE AREAS DATABASE

  • Deposit

    (GRAD).

General comments

Subject category Comment text
Deposit THE SALTON SEA KGRA COVERS ABOUT 385 SQUARE KMS. BESIDES NILAND,KGRA IS ALSO IN OBSIDIAN BUTTE, CALIPATRIA, WESTMORLAND, WISTER, AND FRINK 7.5 MIN. QUADS. THE KGRA IS LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS: T9S R13E SECS 33-36 T10S R12E SECS 1,2, 10-12, 13-16, 21-28, 33-36 T10S R13E SECS ALL SECTIONS T11S R12E SECS 1-3, 10-12, 13, 14, 23-26, 35-36 T11S R13E SECS ALL SECTIONS THE STRATA IN THE SALTON SEA KGRA IS COMPOSED OF DELTAIC T12S R12E SECS 1, 2, 11-14 T12S R13E SECS 1-18 T12S R14E SECS 5-8, 17, 18. COMMODITY: COMPLEX WILL EXTRACT SALT AND POTASH FROM BRINE. ALL OF POTASH AND MOST OF SALT WILL BE SOLD. SOME OF SALT WILL GO TO CAUSTIC/CHLORINE PLANT WHERE CAUSTIC, CLORINE AND HYDROGEN WILL BE PRODUCED. CAUSTIC AND CHLORINE WILL BE SOLD HYDROGEN WILL BE USED IN PLANT PROCESSES. COMPLEX WILL ALSO PRODUCE LITHIUM AND HEAVY METALS(FR, MN, ZN, PB, MG). SINCE THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THEIR RECOVERY IS NOT FULLY KNOWN NO COST DATA IS AVAILABLE FOR THEIR RECOVERY. THUS THEY ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS PRODUCTS. BRINE TO BE PROCESSED IS VERY SALINE, ABOUT 250,000 PPM, AND HOT, 300 DEG C. ALL RECOVERABLE PRODUCTS ARE DISSOLVED IN THE BRINE. BRINE SOURCE IS IN DOUBT. HELGESON STATES THE ORIGINAL WATER SOURCE IS COLORADO RIVER WATER TRAPPED IN THE DELTAIC SEDIMENTS. CONVECTION CELLS POWERED BY A MAGMATIC HEAT SOURCE AT DEPTH EVAPORATED MUCH OF THE ORIGINAL WATER, LEAVING THE HIGHLY SALINE BRINE

Reporter information

Type Date Name Affiliation Comment
Reporter 03-OCT-1996 Benjamin U.S. Bureau of Mines

Beyond USGS

Supplemental information added by qvyshift.com. Not part of the original USGS MRDS record.

Maps centered on this site

Authoritative California resources

These are landing pages for further research — the state agencies don't currently expose per-mine deep links.