Calico Peak Alunite Deposit

Occurrence in Dolores county in Colorado, United States with commodities Aluminum, Molybdenum, Sulfur, Lead, Manganese, Copper, Silver, Titanium, Metal, Potassium
Sections on this page
  1. Identification information
  2. Geographic coordinates
  3. Site location context
  4. Geographic areas
  5. Public Land Survey System information
  6. Commodities
  7. Materials information
  8. Alteration
  9. Mineral occurrence model information
  10. Host and associated rocks
  11. Nearby scientific data
  12. Geologic structures
  13. Ore body information
  14. Controls for ore emplacement
  15. Economic information about the deposit and operations
  16. Mining district
  17. Mineral rights holdings
  18. Land status
  19. Ownership information
  20. Reserves and resources
  21. Workings at the site
  22. Links to other databases
  23. Bibliographic references
  24. General comments
  25. Reporter information

Geologic information

Identification information

Deposit ID 10087920
MRDS ID D010903
MAS/MILS ID 0080330007
Record type Deposit
Current site name Calico Peak Alunite Deposit
Alternate or previous names Calico Peak
Related records 10166903

Geographic coordinates

Geographic coordinates: -108.09037, 37.71029 (WGS84)
Elevation 3666
Relative position 3.5 MILES N 70 W FROM RICO. At the head of Horse Creek. (Microsoft Maps mislabels Calico Peak as Elliott Mtn.) Location given at summit of Calico Peak.

Site location context

Political divisions (FIPS codes)

Dolores(county)

Colorado(state)

United States(country)

North America(continent)

Land(continent)

USGS map quadrangles

Rico(quadrangle 1:24,000 scale)

Dove Creek(quadrangle 1:100,000 scale)

Cortez(quadrangle 1:250,000 scale)

Hydrologic units (watersheds)

Upper Dolores(hydrologic unit)

Upper Colorado-Dolores(hydrologic accounting unit)

Upper Colorado-Dolores(hydrologic subregion)

Upper Colorado(hydrologic region)

Federal lands

San Juan National Forest(National Forest)

National Forest FS(Type of land area)

FS(Federal land areas administered by FS)

Geographic areas

Country State County
United States Colorado Dolores

Public Land Survey System information

Meridian Township Range Section Fraction State
New Mexico 040N 011W 20 NW Colorado

Comments on the location information

  • (LAND STATUS AND ADMINISTRATIVE AREA LOCATIONS CALCULATED USING GIS OVERLAY ANALYSIS FOR SAN JUAN N. F.). APPROX UPPER 630 FT OF CALICO PEAK. ELEV AND LAT-LONG GIVEN ARE FOR TOP OF CALICO PEAK. LOCATED AT THE HEAD OF HORSE CRREK CANYON. ; INFO FROM LAND.ST :1975

Commodities

Commodity Importance
Aluminum Critical Primary
Molybdenum Secondary
Sulfur Secondary
Lead Secondary
Manganese Critical Tertiary
Copper Tertiary
Silver Tertiary
Titanium, Metal Critical Tertiary
Potassium Tertiary

Materials information

Materials Type of material
Alunite Ore
Illite Gangue
Jarosite Gangue
Kaolinite Gangue
Muscovite Gangue
Quartz Gangue
Sericite Gangue
Sulfur Gangue

Alteration

  • (Local) See Comments

Analytical data

Result CROSS AND SPENCER'S (1900) ANALYSES OF ALUNITE ROCK: ANALYSIS 1 (COARSE-GRAINED ROCK FROM WEST FACE). 42.35 % AL203, 2.54 % SIO2, 35.24 % SO3, 0.08% CAO, 4.02% NA20, 3.27% 12.12% COMBINED H20
Result ANALYSIS 2 (FINE-GRAINED VEIN ROCK FROM SOUTH RIDGE), 37.66 % AL203, 1.79% SI02, 37.92% SO3, 0.38 % CAO, 2.12 % NA2O, 6.77 % K2O, 13.09 % COMBINED H2O. ONE ANALYSIS FIGURE INDICATES 19.9% ALUNITE.

Mineral occurrence model information

Model code 154
USGS model code 25e
Deposit model name Epithermal quartz-alunite Au
Mark3 model number 38

Host and associated rocks

  • Host or associated Associated
    Rock type Volcanic Rock (Aphanitic) > Felsic Volcanic Rock > Latite
    Rock unit name Calico Peak Porphyry;Hornblende Latite Porphyry
    Rock description Calico Peak Porphyry;Hornblende Latite Porphyry
    Stratigraphic age (youngest) Pliocene
    Chronological age 4
    Stratigraphic age (youngest) Pliocene
  • Host or associated Host
    Rock type Volcanic Rock (Aphanitic) > Felsic Volcanic Rock > Latite
    Rock unit name Calico Peak Porphyry;Cutler Formation
    Rock description Calico Peak Porphyry;Cutler Formation
    Stratigraphic age (youngest) Pliocene
    Chronological age 4

Nearby scientific data

(1) -108.09037, 37.71029

Economic information

Geologic structures

Type of structure Regional
Structure description San Juan Uplift, Paradox Basin
Type of structure Local
Structure description Rico Dome, Calico Peak Stock, Calico Peak Anticline

Ore body information

  • General form IRREGULAR
    Length 701.04M
    Width 548.64M

Comments on the ore body information

  • From merged and deleted record 10166903:
    Area: 62 HA Length: 530 M Width: 408 M
    Depth to Top: 0 M
    Thickness: 150 M
    MAS Matrix:
    Type of Orebody #1 : REPLACEMENT
    Shape of Orebody #1 : OTHER
    Primary mode of Origin : CONT METASOMATIC
    Primary Ore Control : LITHOLOGY
    Secondary Ore Control : FRACTURINGD
    egree of Wallrock Alter. : UNKNOWN
    Type of Wallrock Alter. #1 : UNKNOWN
    Strike And Dip : N00S:
    Minimum Depth to Top : 0
    Avg. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. : 0
    Min. Thick. Unconsol. Mat. : 0
    Total Surface Area (HA) : 62
    Date of Last Modification : 801119

Controls for ore emplacement

  • Vent Area Of Calico Peak Stock

Comments on the geologic information

  • VOLCANIC PLUG (?) SOLFATARICALLY ALTERED

Economic information about the deposit and operations

Development status Occurrence
Commodity type Both
Deposit size Small
Significant Yes
Discovery year 1899
Discoverer Whitman Cross

Mining district

District name Rico (Pioneer) District

Mineral rights holdings

Type of mineral rights Federal Lease

Land status

Ownership category National Forest
Area name San Juan N. F.

Ownership information

  • Type Owner
    Owner Peaker, D.H., and A.J.
    Interest 100
    Year 1975
  • Type Operator
    Owner Bulkley Wells
    Home office Denver, Co.
    First year 1918
  • Type Owner
    Owner Colorado Alunite Co.
    Home office Pueblo, Co.
    First year 1918

Reserves and resources

  • Type In-situ
    Estimate year 1944
    Measured 16000mt ore
    Indicated 18000mt ore
    Inferred 60000mt ore
    Commodity Subtype Grade units Group Importance Year
    Aluminum Al 17 wt-pct Aluminum Major 1944

Comments on the reserve resource information

  • THOENEN, 1941; SERNA-ISAZA, 1971. SERNA-ISAZA, M.J., (1971 M.S. THESIS) ESTIMATED 100 MILLION TONS OF 19.9% ALUNITE. R.B. HALL CONSIDERS THIS UNREALISTIC.

Workings at the site

  • Type of workings Surface/Underground
    Length 126.49M

Comments on the workings information

  • ABANDONED CROSSCUT TUNNEL LOCATED ON SE SIDE OF STOCK ON NORTH SIDE OF HEADWATER BRANCH OF HORSE CREEK, DRIVEN N 83 W FOR 143 FT TO FACE, AT WHICH 60-FT RAISE TO SURFACE: AT 25 FROM PORTAL, DRIFT DRIVEN GENERALLY NORTH FOR ABOUT 35 FT WITH 40-FT NW BRANCH. SECOND TUNNEL LOCATED ON NE SIDE OF STOCK AT HEAD OF UNNAMED TRIBUTARY OF HORSE CREEK, DRIVEN S 57 W FOR 137 FT TO FACE. OPEN CUTS.
  • From merged and deleted record 10166903: (appears to be a model, not actual workings)

    Type of Workings: Surface
    Area: 22 HA
    Additional Information:
    MAS Development Schedule #: 1
    Mining Record # : 1
    Status of Mining Method : PROPOSED
    Mining Method : BENCH (BERM)
    Swell Factor : .67
    Avg. Overburden Thickness : 0
    Hardness of Ore : HARD ROCKS
    Avg. Bench Height (meters): 10
    Max. Pit Slope (degrees) : 35
    Capacity : 9072
    Capacity Units : MT ORE/DAY
    Preprod. Stripping Vol. : 0
    Unit Production Cost : .85
    Units of Production : $/MT ORE
    Operating Days per Year : 350
    Operating Shifts per Day : 3
    Year of Information : 1975

    DATA ENTRY BY R.A. SALISBURY. REC. 080, COL. 23 ORE BODY SHAPE IS ASSUMED TO BE CONE SHAPE SURFACE MINING UNIT PROD. COST AND PLANT CAPITAL COST ARE AS TO BE SIMILAR TO THE N-G ALUNITE PROJECT OWNED BY EARTH SCIE IN BEAVER CO., UTAH. RECORD 160 ASSUME SHIPPING POINT IS RICO, COLO. RECORD 160 ASSUME DESTINATION OF CONCENTRATE IS THE DALLES, ESTIMATED 8 YEARS WOULD BE REQUIRED TO BRING DEPOSIT TO PROD DUE TO THE LOWER GRADE NATURE OF THIS DEPOSIT, IT IS SUGGEST THIS DEPOSIT IS NOT LIKELY TO BECOME ACTIVE IN THE NEAR FUTU GRADES ARE IN TERMS OF AL203 (ALUMINA). RECORD 130 ACQUISITION NOT INCLUDED. ASSUME $0.14 PER TO ASSUME COST DATA GOOD TO MAY 30, 1975.

Comments on development

  • DEPOSIT WAS KNOWN AND DESCRIBED BEFORE 1900, BUT NO APPARENT ATTEMPTS WERE MADE TO EVALUATE AND DEVELOP IT UNTIL COLORADO ALUNITE CO.'S WORK DURING WW I. JUST BEFORE WW II, USBM ESTIMATED ALUMINA RESOURCES AT CALICO PEAK AND OTHER U.S. ALUNITE DEPOSITS.

Reference information

Bibliographic references

  • Deposit

    RATTE, J.C., 1968, ALUNITE, IN MINERAL AND WATER RESOURCES OF COLORADO: U.S. GOVT. PRINTING OFFICE, P. 155-157.PRATT, W.P., AND OTHERS, 1969, GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE RICO QUADRANGLE, DOLORES AND MONTEZUMA COUNTIES, COLORADO: USGS MAP GQ-797.

  • Deposit

    PRATT, W.P., AND OTHERS, 1969, GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE RICO QUADRANGLE, DOLORES AND MONTEZUMA COUNTIES, COLORADO: USGS MAP GQ-797.

  • Deposit

    MCKNIGHT, E.T., 1974, GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS OF THE RICO DISTRICT, COLORADO: USGS PROF. PAPER 723.

  • Deposit

    SERNA-ISAZA, M.J., 1971, GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF CALICO PEAK, DOLORES COUNTY, COLORADO: COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES M.S. THESIS T-1338.

  • Deposit

    THOENEN, J.R., 1941, ALUNITE RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES: USBM RI-3561, 48 p.

  • Deposit

    CROSS, WHITMAN, AND SPENCER, A.C., 1900, GEOLOGY OF THE RICO MOUNTAINS, COLORADO: USGS 21ST ANN. REPT., PT. 2, P. 32-33, 87, 92-94.

  • Deposit

    NAESER, C.W., AND OTHERS, 1979, PLIOCENE INTRUSIVE ROCKS AND MINERALIZATION NEAR RICO, COLORADO: USGS OF-79-1093, 18 P.

  • Deposit

    HALL, R.B., 1980, ALUNITE--A POTENTIALLY ECONOMIC SOURCE OF ALUMINUN AND POTASH?, IN SCHOWCHOW, S.D., ED., PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH FORUM ON GEOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL MINERALS: CGS RESOURCE SER. 8, P. 77-88.COLORADO DIV. MINES INF. REPTS.

  • Deposit

    GARDNER, L.S., 1944, UNPUB. REPT. IN USGS FILE.

  • Deposit

    1899, RECON: W. CROSS AND A.C. SPENCER: 21ST ANN. REPT.

  • Deposit

    1943, GEOLMAP: L.S. GARDNER; UNPUB. REPT.

  • Deposit

    CALKIN, W.S., 1970, EVALUATION OF THE ALUNITE OF CALICO PEAK, DOLORES CO. COLO FOR COLORADO CENTRAL MINES: EARTH SCIENCES, INC., OCT. 21, 1970. CONFIDENTIAL REPORT.

  • Deposit

    NEUBERT, J.T., 1992, MINERAL APPRAISAL OF SAN JUAN NATIONAL FOREST, CO: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES MINERAL LAND ASSESSMENT OPEN-FILE REPORT 2-92 (SAMPLES 93-123)

General comments

Subject category Comment text
Deposit RECOGNIZED THREE PERIODS OF ALTERATION (DETAILED UNDER "SIGNIFICANT ALTERATION") CLOSELY FOLLOWING EMPLACEMENT AND CONSOLIDATION OF STOCK AND FORMATION OF RADIAL/CONCENTRIC FRACTURE SYSTEMS: (A) EARLY EPITHERMAL(?) ALTERATION CHARACTERIZED BY SERICITIZATION OF FELDSPAR AND ALTERATION OF SPHENE TO RUTILE, AND PARTLY MASKED OR CHANGED BY (B) PRINCIPAL SOLFATARIC ALTERATION STAGE, CHARACTERIZED BY INTRODUCTION OF ALUNITE AND FORMATION OF STOCKWORK SILICA AND JAROSITE, SURROUNDED BY ARGILLIC ENVELOPE OF KAOLINITE AND ILLITE OR MIXTURES OF KAOLINITE-SERICITE AND ALUNITE-KAOLINITE, SECONDARY FORMATION OF RARE ZUNYITE; (C) LATE SUPERGENE ALTERATION OF PYRITE AND JAROSITE TO HEMATITE, AND LIMONITE, SOME PROBABLE LATE FORMATION OF ALUNITE AND KAOLINITE IN VEINLETS. SOLFATARIC ALTERATION BELIEVED TO BE CONTROLLED BY AND CENTERED ON RADIAL FRACTURE SYSTEM WITHIN STOCK, WHICH PERMITTED ACIDIC SULFUROUS VAPORS, CO2, AND MINOR DISSOLVED SILICA TO SEPARATE FROM MAGMA RESERVOIR, RISE THROUGH CONDUITS
General Merged and deleted record 10166903 ((old MAS 0080330007) gave year of discovery as 1912 and mining method as bench (berm) and milling method as "hydrometallurgy unspecified" on a surface operation.
Deposit AND STRUCTURALLY WEAK ZONES IN STOCK, INTERACT WITH METEORIC WATERS TO FORM ACIDIC SOLUTIONS (AND SEPARATION OF NATIVE S) THAT SPREAD OUTWARD FROM MINERALIZING CENTERS, REACTING WITH WALL ROCKS, AND GRADUALLY CHANGING FROM STRONGLY ACIDIC TO LESS ACIDIC TO NEUTRAL TO BASIC THROUGH PROGRESSIVELY WEAKER, OUTER ALTERATION ZONES. NAESER AND OTHERS (1979) DATED CALICO PEAK PORPHYRY AS PLIOCENE, THUS ESTABLISHING MAXIMUM AGE OF ITS ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION. BASED ON ANNEALING OF FISSION TRACKS IN OLDER IGNEOUS ROCKS (LATE CRETACEOUS TO TERTIARY HORNBLENDE LATITE PORPHYRY), THEY ALSO POSTULATED LATE TERTIARY THERMAL DISTURBANCE PROBABLY CENTERED ON BURIED STOCK ON NE SIDE OF RICO AND RELATED EITHER TO CALICO PEAK PORPHYRY OR TO ALASKITE PORPHYRY (PLIOCENE) INTRUSIONS, AND HAVING POTENTIAL FOR PORPHYRY-TYPE MINERALIZATION (BASED ON MO IDENTIFICATION AT CALICO PEAK).
Deposit CALICO PEAK STOCK AND ASSOCIATED LATITE DIKES INTRUDED WEST- AND NW-DIPPING CUTLER FM RED BEDS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY INTRUDED BY HORNBLENDE LATITE PORPHYRY SILLS AND DIKES, ALL ON WEST SIDE OF RICO DOME. SERNA-ISAZA (1971) IDENTIFIED SEVERAL PHASES OF LATITE PORPHYRY STOCK EMPLACEMENT: (A) FELDSPAR-RICH PHASE IN NORTH PART OF STOCK AND INCLUDING RADIAL DIKES, CHARACTERIZED BY TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF FELDSPAR PHENOCRYSTS BY KAOLINITE, ILLITE, ALUNITE, SOME SERICITE AND JAROSITE, IN QUARTZ-ALUNITE MATRIX, ACCESSORY ZIRCON, AND SPHENE REPLACED BY RUTILE; (B) TRANSITIONAL PHASE THROUGH CENTRAL PART OF STOCK, CHARACTERIZED BY GRADATION FROM FELDSPAR PORPHYRY TO QUARTZ PORPHYRY, PHENOCRYSTS REPLACED BY KAOLINITE, ALUNITE, AND SERICITE IN FINE-GRAINED QUARTZ MATRIX, ACCESSORY SPHENE AND ZIRCON, JAROSITE PARTLY ALTERED TO HEMATITE, AND SOME ILLITE AND PLUMBOJAROSITE; (C) QUARTZ-RICH PHASE IN SOUTHERN PART OF STOCK, CHARACTERIZED BY QUARTZ AND FELDSPAR PHENOCRYSTS IN FELSIC MATRIX, FELDSPAR
Deposit REPLACED BY QUARTZ AND MIXTURES OF QUARTZ, ALUNITE, AND KAOLINITE, SPHENE ALTERED TO RUTILE, ACCESSORY ZIRCON, AND JAROSITE/PLUMBOJAROSITE ALTERATION; (D) BRECCIA PHASE MOST PROMINENTLY DEVELOPED ALONG SOUTHERN AND EASTERN MARGINS OF STOCKS, COMPOSED OF QUARTZITE AND SANDSTONE FRAGMENTS (PRECAMBRIAN AND PENNSYLVANIAN?) IN QUARTZ-RICH-PHASE GROUNDMASS. STOCK EMPLACED BY TWO CLOSELY SPACED PULSES: FELDSPAR-RICH PHASE EMPLACED BY LATITE-TRACHYTE PULSE FOLLOWED BY (SECOND) QUARTZ LATITE PHASE (QUARTZ-RICH PHASE) BEFORE FINAL COOLING. FORCIBLE INJECTION AND ASSIMILATION OF COUNTRY ROCK CAUSED NO APPRECIABLE DISTURBANCE OF HOST ROCK (CUTLER FM) EXCEPT FOR FORMATION OF RADIAL AND CONCENTRIC FRACTURE SYSTEMS DURING COOLING. SOME INITIAL FRACTURES FILLED WITH DIKES FROM FIRST INJECTION PHASE. FELSITE DIKES INTRUDED ALONG ARCUATE FRACTURES CONCAVE TOWARD CENTER OF STOCK AFTER CONSOLIDATION BUT BEFORE ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION. SERNA-ISAZA'S (1971) SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND GEOCHEMIC AL
Deposit SAMPLING SHOWS CLOSE CORRELATION BETWEEN ALTERATION PATTERNS IN STOCK AND ANOMALOUS DISTRIBUTIONS OF SELECTED ELEMENTS. PRINCIPAL ALUNITE CONCENTRATIONS (G.T. 25 % AS CALCULATED FROM % SOLUBLE AL203) LIE AT CENTER OR PEAK AND RADIAL FRACTURE SYSTEM AND ON FAR EAST AND SOUTHERN MARGINS WITH SEVERAL SMALLER AREAS SCATTERED THROUGHOUT STOCK AND POSSIBLY INDICATING POSITIONS OF SECONDARY CONDUITS OR OTHER MAJOR FRACTURES OR STRUCTURALLY WEAK ZONES. ANOMALOUS MO (20 TO 40 PPM) FOUND ON NORTH SIDE OF STOCK, APPARENTLY INCREASING DOWNWARD; TWO OTHER AREAS COINCIDE WITH RICH QUARTZ-ALUNITE AREAS AND STOCKWORK SILICIFICATION IN CENTER AND SE SIDE OF STOCK. ANOMALOUS PB (250 TO 500 PPM) SHOWS FAIR RADIAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERED ON HIGHLY SILICIFIED AREA. SAMPLING ALSO SHOWS GENERAL LEACHING OF MG AND CA, AND CONCENTRATION OF NA AND K. ANOMALOUS CU (350 PPM) AND MN (2 %) COMMON IN INTERMEDIATE DIKES; TRACES OF AG FOUND IN APOPHYSIS OF CALICO PEAK PORPHYRY ON SW SIDE OF STOCK. SERNA-ISAZA

Reporter information

Type Date Name Affiliation Comment
Reporter 01-SEP-83 Schwochow, Stephen D. (Hall, Robert B.) Colorado Geological Survey
Reporter 03-SEP-96 Salisbury U.S. Bureau of Mines =10166903 (MAS 0080330007)
Editor 29-OCT-10 Wilson, Anna B. U.S. Geological Survey merged and deleted =10166903 (MAS 0080330007)

Beyond USGS

Supplemental information added by qvyshift.com. Not part of the original USGS MRDS record.

Authoritative Colorado resources

These are landing pages for further research — the state agencies don't currently expose per-mine deep links.